Which of the following is NOT classified as a physical environment?

The correct answer is a pandemic, as it does not represent a physical environment but rather a health crisis affecting populations across geographical areas. The concept of a pandemic relates to the spread of disease and its impact on societal health and functioning, rather than the physical characteristics of a specific location or habitat.

In contrast, a desert is characterized by its arid conditions and unique ecosystems, an urban environment refers to densely populated areas with human infrastructure, and a jungle is recognized for its lush vegetation and biodiversity. Each of these choices represents a tangible, physical setting that can be defined and studied based on geographical and ecological criteria, distinguishing them from the abstract and health-oriented nature of a pandemic.